AI-Enhanced Sustainable Infrastructure Planning for Mega Pilgrimages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT2511628Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Mega Pilgrimages, Sustainable Infrastructure, Smart Cities, Urban Planning, Hajj, Saudi Arabia, Mass Gatherings, Infrastructure Resilience, AI in Public HealthAbstract
Mega pilgrimages, such as the Hajj in Saudi Arabia, represent one of the most complex urban and infrastructural planning challenges in the modern world. These events bring millions of participants into condensed urban spaces, testing the limits of transportation systems, healthcare services, environmental sustainability, and public safety. Traditional infrastructure planning methods often fall short in responding dynamically to such scale and unpredictability. This paper explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be leveraged to transform infrastructure planning for mega pilgrimages into a more sustainable, adaptive, and resilient process. Through a systematic literature review and the integration of cross-disciplinary insights, we propose a conceptual AI-enhanced infrastructure framework that addresses real-time urban mobility, environmental resilience, and healthcare delivery during mass gatherings. Focusing particularly on the context of Saudi Arabia and its Vision 2030 initiatives, this study demonstrates the capacity of AI technologies ranging from predictive analytics to autonomous systems to strengthen critical infrastructure, reduce environmental impact, and improve crowd management. Our findings advocate for the integration of AI-driven approaches into national planning agendas for mega events, emphasizing the need for ethical governance, data infrastructure, and inter-agency coordination.
Downloads
References
Kumar, R., Singh, A., Kassar, A.S.A., Humaida, M.I., Joshi, S. et al. (2025). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Achieve Sustainable Public Healthcare Services in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Literature Review of Critical Success Factors. Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, 142(2), 1289–1349. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.059152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32604/cmes.2025.059152
Muchaili, L. (2025). Moving Towards Universal Cardiovascular Health in Mass Gatherings. Mass Gathering Medicine, 100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mgmed.2025.100028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mgmed.2025.100028
Ibrahim, N. M. H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Saudi Arabia’s Governance. Journal of Developing Societies, 40(4), 500-530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X241288590 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X241288590
Masud, S. B., Chowdhury, S. A., Abubakkar, M., Sozib, H. M., Bellal, R. B., Hoque, A., & Shafi, S. B. (2025). The Revolution of AI in Enhancing Infrastructure and Facilities Management. Cuestiones de Fisioterapia, 54(4), 5605-5624. https://doi.org/10.48047/bb97xk66 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48047/bb97xk66
Habib, M., Habib, A., Albzaie, M. et al. Sustainability benefits of AI-based engineering solutions for infrastructure resilience in arid regions against extreme rainfall events. Discov Sustain 5, 278 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00500-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00500-2
Mengesha, Girmay, Beyond Repair: A Critical Review of Smart, Sustainable, and AI-Driven Strengthening Techniques for Aging Civil Infrastructure (April 29, 2025). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5236159 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5236159
Pudney, S., Mills, D., Alaei, A. R., Sellers, S., Dvorak, J., & Potluka, O. (2025). Evaluation of artificial intelligence-enhanced critical infrastructure systems: A conceptual framework. Evaluation, 31(3), 412-443. https://doi.org/10.1177/13563890251350677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13563890251350677
Sarkar, S. R., & Tahura, S. (2025). AI-Enhanced Public Transportation Systems for Urban Sustainability. In AI and Emerging Technologies for Emergency Response and Smart Cities (pp. 97-116). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-9770-1.ch005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9770-1.ch005
Rajesh Paul, Md Arifur Rahman, & Md. Nuruzzaman. (2024). AI-ENABLED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SMARTER INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC WORKS. Review of Applied Science and Technology , 3(04), 29-47. https://doi.org/10.63125/8d96m319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.63125/8d96m319
Sharajsharifi, M. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Urban Housing and Infrastructure Planning: A Systematic Review of Emerging Approaches and Challenges. Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 7(2), 321-343. doi: 10.22059/jcss.2023.102629
Lukic Vujadinovic, V., Damnjanovic, A., Cakic, A., Petkovic, D. R., Prelevic, M., Pantovic, V., Stojanovic, M., Vidojevic, D., Vranjes, D., & Bodolo, I. (2024). AI-Driven Approach for Enhancing Sustainability in Urban Public Transportation. Sustainability, 16(17), 7763. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177763
Ma, Y., & Maneewattana (Ajarn Chuti）, C. (2025). A study on AI-enhanced green policy support system for training centers in Liujiang Vernacular area: a dual perspective of eco-infrastructure and sustainable talent development. Future Technology, 4(3), 182–192. Retrieved from https://fupubco.com/futech/article/view/367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55670/fpll.futech.4.3.17
Devesh Ojha. (2025). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in the Construction Industry. International Journal of Contemporary Research in Multidisciplinary, 4(S1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14918900
Rane, Nitin, Integrating Leading-Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data Technologies for Smart and Sustainable Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry: Challenges and Future Directions (September 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4616049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4616049
Al-Raeei, M. Artificial intelligence for climate resilience: advancing sustainable goals in SDGs 11 and 13 and its relationship to pandemics. Discov Sustain 5, 513 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00775-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00775-5
Ehtsham, M., Parisi, G., Pedone, F., Rossi, F., Zincani, M., Congiu, E., & Marchionni, C. (2025). AI-Powered Advanced Technologies for a Sustainable Built Environment: A Systematic Review on Emerging Challenges. Sustainability, 17(17), 8005. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17178005
Rane, N., Choudhary , S. ., & Rane, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence for enhancing resilience. Journal of Applied Artificial Intelligence, 5(2), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.48185/jaai.v5i2.1053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48185/jaai.v5i2.1053
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
