L. Parthasarathi, Dr. N. Kamalraj. Assessing the Effectiveness of Machine-Learning Approaches for Detecting Network Attacks: An Empirical Evaluation on NSL-KDD. Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol. 2025;11(6):261-266. doi:10.32628/CSEIT2511644